Theres good evidence that he had more manuscripts to choose from, but decided to use only those 7 (presumably because they were of the best quality, but we dont know for sure). (against more than 5,000 copies favoring the Textus Receptus). The science of assembling these manuscripts is called Textual Criticism, and you can consider this a complete Textual Criticism 101 article because well look at these topics in exhaustive detail. The original rules set down by Westcott &Hort arent consulted terribly often anymore. 1 Comfort, yes, comfort My people! Note, all of the above are very similar. Westcott & Hort Had Questionable beliefs? They comprise less than 1% of all Textual Variants. Not at all. So yeah, it probably does have some influence from Hort, and yes the OT base isnt exactly the same; it literally cant be the same since hte only people who know have been dead for hundreds of years. Thanks for your research! It seems likely a decent scribe could copy 219 words without error. You can read Tischendorfs entire account of finding it in his own words here. However, real Textual Criticism with a set of rules still must be applied. However, their original work is still with us. Amen! First, please notice that its words (plural) not word (singular). They have several verses they use to support this (which well look at in a moment). These divisions arent hard and fast, but rather provide a framework to talk about the different Textual Variants. Please dont mistake the one for the other. Lets further assume the persistence of errors, which assumes every mistake is copied down to every manuscript after it. I believe the King James Bible was translated from the preserved Greek text for the NT, but I also believe there are many other hundreds of languages that can say the same thing about the Bible they have. You will stand and give account for spreading the lies that you and these so-called scholars have preached as the truth. (I have articles: the comma belongs, but the Pericope doesnt; though they do include an obelus to indicate doubt on the Pericope, so thats something.). 7 You, O LORD, will keep them; You can argue that it didnt matter for later editions because they were restored from the Aldine edition but the Aldine edition itself was based on Erasmus first edition so, Very helpful and thorough. I am still hoping you will take some time to answer my last questions: When do you think the church lost the true preserved Word of God? Double for all her sins.. Also, Im still waiting for you to say which text/manuscript you think is inerrant. Did God Preserve the Scriptures Perfectly in All Ages? With slight variances depending on version, the TR has about 140,100 Greek words, and the CT has about 138,100. Off hand I can think of one or two places where the KJV follows Jeromes vulgate. The WEB is a revision of the ASV. And he said, What shall I cry? We're happy to have you here, please browse all our site and listen to our stream, feel free to check out our schedule for your favorite shows and programs. 16 So the last will be first, and the first last. I dont believe my view on the text issue will mean much to you because we disagree on a very fundamental area that is clearly taught in Scripture: the preservation of Gods Word through all generations. So the Majority Text changes very significantly when you include just the other versional manuscripts. The modern NA27 and NA28 are closer to Westcott & Horts 1881 text than the NA25. Internal criteria (the context of the passage, its style and vocabulary, the theological environment of the author, etc.) Clearly, its the judgements that are enduring, not the word. At what time did they stop having confidence that they knew the text they had was pure? The first was Erasmus though, so lets take a closer look at it. I could certainly see a case for making them the representative of the Byzantine textform, or even a starting place for a base text. 10 Because of this, the woman is morally obligated to have authority on her head, because of the angels. There are good mathematical reasons (which well look at) for this method. But God, being rich in mercy, for his great love with which he loved us, even when we were dead through our trespasses, made us alive together with Christ (by grace you have been saved), and raised us up with him, and made us to sit with him in the heavenly places in Christ Jesus, that in the ages to come he might show the exceeding riches of his grace in kindness toward us in Christ Jesus; But God, who is rich in mercy, for his great love wherewith he loved us, Even when we were dead in sins, hath quickened us together with Christ, (by grace ye are saved); And hath raised us up together, and made us sit together in heavenly places in Christ Jesus: That in the ages to come he might shew the exceeding riches of his grace in his kindness toward us through Christ Jesus. The oldest available sources of the majority texts reaches back to the 4. th. everything between them, The TR had the singular in 1550 but was changed to the plural in the 1894 TR. It certainly seems like the kind of thing that could happen, but Id need to see more evidence (quotes from the source documents perhaps) or other sources. such as the Textus Receptus.A number of translations began to use critical Greek editions, beginning with the translation of the Revised Version in England in 1881-1885. Weve examined one of these Textual Variants here on Berean Patriot before, namely: The Johannine Comma of 1 John 5:7-8: Added or Removed? The grass withereth, the flower fadeth: but the word of our God shall stand for ever. The Septuagint is the Greek translation of the Old Testament in common usage among non-Hebrew-speaking Jews around Jesus's time. So lets say one of Pauls letter arrives at your church and youre supposed to pass it on. For example, imagine trying to reconstruct the Greek text by having several different English translations. The name Textus Receptus comes from the preface to the 1633 edition of Abraham & Bonaventure Elzevirs Greek New Testament. Despite the strong support weve just seen, the Majority Text theory does have some significant weaknesses. (I misread two years somewhere). You asked: Has recent textual criticism increased our faith in God?. Lets say 2 or 3 scribes start making changes to suit their own theological biases. How can you that claim textual criticism is bad and yet support a document that was created via textual criticism? The Masoretic text is a text that has not been preserved by the Church, and so while it is worthy of study and comparison, it is not equally trustworthy. So when you get outside the Gospels, Alexandrius becomes very important manuscript. Dan Wallace, Source: YouTube. The scriptures certainly dont support it, and therefore the Confessional Position simply holds no water. How bad are They? I fear the same about you. That does not bother me even a little. By an Alexandrian Church fathers own admission, manuscripts in Alexandria by 200 AD were already corrupt. Some doctrines are certainly strengthened in the Byzantine Majority text and the Textus Receptus, but no major, central part of the gospel is affected. If you do, the Majority Text would look radically different than the mostly pure Byzantine Majority Text that currently comprises the Majority Text. But the word of our God stands forever.. 5. Textus Receptus is Latin for "Received Text." It was used as the textual base for the vernacular translations that arose during the Reformation period. These are the two most competing textual forms, textual families, text types if you want to call them that, that we have for our New Testament manuscripts. (Well come back to it later.). Had some armed foe said these things he would have fought him to the last breath; but this man did not deny, and had no word of scorn. Ive copy/pasted the two rules that conflict just below: Westcott & Hort rule #9: Prefer readings in manuscripts that habitually contain better readings, which is more certain if its also an older manuscript and if it doesnt contain combinations of other variations (as in rule #3). There were already ten major periods of persecution of Christians before Nicea: One of the most ruthless of these persecutions was that of Diocletian in the early 4th century. They believe that over time good manuscripts will push out bad manuscripts. Thus, manuscripts boasting significant numbers of particular readings cannot be relied upon. Since the rules are so central to their philosophy, well take some time to examine them. A highway for our God. The Bibles authority is only as great as our confidence in its reliability. The original texts were written in all capital letters and there were no spaces between the words. Ever since then, I have done a lot of study on Bible manuscripts and I have been struggling a lot with the differences between the textus receptus and the critical text. The fact that the Byzantine Text type dominates the manuscript copies is proof of disproportionate copying. Follo. (Well look at the verses they use to support this statement lower down.) Thank you for your hard work. The translation is quite in order and your accusation of intentional mistranslation is unfounded. Does the difference affect doctrine or anything, When comparing how the NT authors quoted the OT it seems they favored the LXX, most quotes being taken word for word from the LXX, , , , , . (An excellent article BTW, though a bit technical.). Septuagint - Wikipedia [ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septuagint ] The Vulgate is the Latin translation of the Old and New Testaments made by St. Jerome in the 4th century. I used to read the NASB a lot, but I found the ESV much better, The AMP adds to the Bible, and I really hate that, I used to read the NKJV a lot too, but it shares the flaws of the KJV. Its not good to be so confident in your writing and yet be so wrong in interpreting Scripture. Indeed the mans head must not be covered as Paul instructs. (see 1 Timothy 2:11-12, Ephesians 5, 1 Peter 3, 1 Corinthians 7:36-38, Numbers 30, etc.). Further, such a text appears to prevail in the larger quantity of copies in Homer, Hippocrates, and the NT tradition. Weve just seen that it doesnt originate in the scriptures. , , ; , , ; . I dont have time to go through it, but hes got his wires crossed. Further and I cant stress this enough there is more to the Majority Text theory than simply counting manuscripts. You are arguing from the side opposite of Gods promise to preserve His Word, and Im sure that you will never win. However, the antiquity of these manuscripts is no indication of reliability because a prominent church father in Alexandria testified that manuscripts were already corrupt by the third century. I like the textual basis of the TR slightly better, but prefer the NASB95s features and especially its treatment of gender. Whats the Best Bible Translation? Psalms 100:5 (KJV): For the LORD is good; his mercy is everlasting; and his truth endureth to all generations. Prepare the way of the Lord; There is a big debate over which line of manuscripts the Apostles used. Not only has His Word been preserved, but it is the only source of divine truth and wisdom. Thats a bad idea. Origen, the Alexandrian church father in the early third century, said: the differences among the manuscripts [of the Gospels] have become great, either through the negligence of some copyists or through the perverse audacity of others; they either neglect to check over what they have transcribed, or, in the process of checking, they lengthen or shorten, as they please., Origen is of course speaking of the manuscripts of his location, Alexandria, Egypt. God bless! Thank you. The Textus Receptus was the result of the resources available at its time and it marked an important turning point in Bible translation and study. the Majority Texts (Textus Receptus), and . They range in date from those made by the original scribes in the fourth century to ones made in the twelfth century. the Minority Texts (primarily the Westcott and Hort Greek Text, based primarily on the Codex Sinaiticus and the Codex Vaticanus). Additionally, That question above is the whole problem for me, or at least most of it. ) Both Textual Variants are meaningful, but its nearly impossible for them to be original (they arent viable). Its just about the only translation that renders it properly as sons of Israel instead of children/people of Israel in the OT. I do not believe you can possibly come to the correct conclusion from this viewpoint, no matter how long you study, how much evidence you look at, or how scholarly you may be. (Side note: Ive spent some time in the marketing world in my life. But I would give them all up to dispel the confusion and go back to studying the original languages, which I use Jewish-English, an LXX-English translation, and a lexicon to do. We know God preserved the scriptures because even in the New Testament, over 99% of the Textual Variants have no effect on anything. Tischendorf himself might not have been sure. The Textual Variants between them are numerous. Now you have five copies in five different locations, but no original. I perceived in the middle of the great hall a large and widebasket full of old parchments, But I could not get them to yield up possession of the remainder. The primary Greek source for the King James Version was the 1598 version of Theodore Bezas Greek New Testament. Thats a ~1.4% variation, which is still fairly significant. He lived in the late 1800s and early 1900s. Jesus Christ, Gods only begotten Son, is the Word made flesh that dwelt among us (II Corinthians 5:21; Romans 5:8-9; Romans 3:20-28; Acts 20:28; Romans 5:9; Ephesians 1:7; Colossians 1:14; Colossians 1:20; Ephesians 2:8-10; Revelations 1:5). Nice article, well-balanced and thoughtful. 1st generation: 2 correct copies, 1 incorrect copy (, 2nd generation: 4 correct copies, 3 incorrect copies. Now, this argument can be used both for and against the Byzantine Text type. If he should draw back, my soul has no pleasure in him: but the just shall live by my faith. (Note: Ive copy/pasted the only relevant difference, but you can: Click here to expand the full list of the Aland rules of Textual Criticism. ( a symbol of and her are supplied and not in the original but states the obvious that the head covering is a symbol and that it is placed on the womans (her) head. 18 knowing that you were not redeemed with corruptible things, like silver or gold, from your aimless conduct received by tradition from your fathers. To condense/paraphrase verses 9-10: woman was made for man, so she must be under male authority. Contextually, that makes perfect sense. Prefer readings in manuscripts that habitually contain better readings, which is more certain if its also an older manuscript and if it doesnt contain combinations of other variations, All distinctively Syrian (Byzantine) readings, Kurt Aland considers Greek manuscripts which are purely or predominately Byzantine to be , The overwhelming majority of readings, almost all variants, and practically all the substantive variants in the text of the New Testament, in the Gospels, its a Byzantine text largely, in the rest of the New Testament, it is largely Alexandrian, Prefer readings in manuscripts that habitually contain better readings. The Textus Receptus is Latin for Received Text. To be sure thats not politically correct, but thats what the passage is saying and the Bible is very consistent on this. The remainder dont impact major doctrines, and certainly nothing concerned with salvation or the Gospel. So I believe God deals with His church the same today as He did in days past (why would He not? All flesh is grass, Have you even attempted to understand the woman taken in adultery? Why would Peter suddenly be talking about the Bible? Nearly everyone would choose one of the three to copy from. It is a great Bible for reading and study too and i am thoroughly enjoying it. Its worth noting that Codex Sinaiticus is far longer than 130 pages. (or which version of the TR if you mean the TR?). Further, this can happen in smaller increments too. (Again, in that less than 1% where it matters) Notice they only tend to. O Hades, where is thy sting? That makes sense, or at least more sense than applying it to the Bible. They are inextricably linked. apologiesi left our highly considered, in my last sentence. The practice of Textual Criticism is not criticizing the Bible, its trying to recover the Bibles original text. For the vision is yet for a time, and it shall shoot forth at the end, and not in vain: though he should tarry, wait for him; for he will surely come, and will not tarry. It may not display this or other websites correctly. I know too much Greek to accept something that was (seemingly) intentionally mistranslated. Further, no Christian was ever born again through the Bible; we are born again through Jesus blood and His work on the cross. Theres no other evidence for this so take with a grain of salt but they are the only two manuscripts that share that characteristic. 23 having been born again, not of corruptible seed but incorruptible, through the word of God which lives and abides forever. However important the early papyri, or a particular uncial, or a minuscule may be, there is no single manuscript or group or manuscripts that can be followed mechanically, even though certain combinations of witnesses may deserve a greater degree of confidence than others. The AV translators relied heavily upon the work of William Tyndale and other editions of the English Bible. 1 Corinthians 11:8-10 (WEB) He wasnt the only one who thought this either: In this connection, it is worth noting that the translators of the King James Version did not follow exclusively any single printed edition of the New Testament in Greek. Other names given to the Majority text include: the Antiochian text, Byzantine text, Traditional text, Apostolic text, the Eastern text and the Textus Receptus (Latin for Received Text). Is that really a position you want to take? For example, around AD 300, Diocletian burned thousands of Bibles. In the Textual Criticism of Homers works, we see excellent parallels with the New Testament, even so far as reproducing similar text types. A glance at the transcription will show just how common these corrections are. So no, the entire Codex Sinaiticus wasnt going to be burned. You have to trust that scribes did indeed copy the best manuscripts. Its often abbreviate as NA plus the version number. More sharing options. For example take John 11:38 Jesus wept. If 25 manuscripts contain Jesus was upset, 30 said Jesus was filled with compassion, and 50 said Jesus wept, because the majority say Jesus wept, that will be in the WEB. He was awarded many honours. See Biblia Hebraica Quinta (BHQ) Fourth fascicle: Proverbs Accessed March 26, 2011, 4. The study of the copies of a written document whose original (the autograph) is unknown or non-existent, for the primary purpose of determining the exact wording of the original. By Bakershalfdozen July 14, 2008 in The Bible (KJV) Share More sharing options. Bengel himself was a conscientious scholar, though prone to fits of erratic exegesis, like his prediction, based on an idiosyncratic interpretation of chronological statements in the Book of Revelation, that Christ would return on 18th June 1836! I have some controversial articles for which Id prefer not to be doxxed, so Im going to keep my real name off the website. https://www.christianhospitality.org/wp/bible-fraud7/ For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. However, Aland took the opposite approach, preferring to look at all the evidence on each passage. 18. Before Gutenberg invented the printing press in the early-mid 1400s, everything was copied by hand. What are Gods actual words? Again, it simply doesnt matter which is original because theres no impact on meaning. You must log in or register to reply here. (Each had several editions; Ive only included the relevant ones for clarity). Are there other signs that this translation is really not that different from other modern translations?
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